卫生部关于推行妇幼保健保偿责任制的意见
卫生部
卫生部关于推行妇幼保健保偿责任制的意见
卫生部
我国现阶段的卫生事业，是一种有公益性的社会福利事业。在当前经济发展状况下，既要坚持卫生事业的福利性质，又不可能实行完全由国家包下来、统起来的制度。因此，应当坚持卫生保健为人民，人民参与卫生保健的原则。
近几年来，全国各地妇幼保健机构在深化卫生改革、贯彻“预防为主”方针的过程中，根据国务院国发〔1985〕62号、国务院国发〔1988〕61号和国务院国发〔1989〕10号文件精神，相继试行了不同形式的妇幼保健保偿责任制。实践证明，这是一种符合我国国情、
符合建设有中国特色的社会主义妇幼卫生事业实际需要的合理制度，得到了各级政府的支持，深受广大人民群众和妇幼卫生工作者的拥护。实行妇幼保健保偿责任制的主要优点是：（1）有利于使妇幼保健服务落到实处，降低了孕产妇死亡率和婴儿死亡率，为实现“2000年人人享有卫
生保健”的战略目标打下了坚实基础；（2）提高了群众的自我保健意识和参与妇幼保健的主动性；（3）调动了基层保健人员的积极性，增强了责任感，提高了妇幼保健工作质量；（4）有利于稳定基层卫生队伍，巩固三级医疗卫生保健网；（5）有利落实计划生育基本国策。
到目前为止，全国已有20多个省、市、自治区不同程度地实行了妇幼保健保偿责任制，部分省、地（市）、县（区）人民政府或卫生行政部门颁行了相应的地方性法规或试行办法。当前，在全国范围内推行妇幼保健保偿责任制的条件和时机已经成熟。为了充分肯定这一重大卫生改革
措施，引导和促进妇幼保健保偿责任制的健康发展，现提出以下几点意见，供各地参照执行。
一、妇幼保健保偿责任制的性质
妇幼保健保偿责任制，是我国卫生工作目标管理责任制的组成部分，是一种取之于民、用之于民，具有社会保障和社会福利双重性质的管理制度，它既不是摊派，也不同于保险：（1）以提供妇幼保健服务为手段，保护妇女儿童健康为根本宗旨；（2）收取保健保偿金的标准，主要是
按照所提供的保健服务项目，而不是按照入保者遭受损失的风险程度来确定的。
二、实行妇幼保健保偿责任制的原则
各级卫生行政部门，要把推行妇幼保健保偿责任制作为贯彻“预防为主”方针的一项重要措施，紧密围绕妇幼卫生工作的中心任务，同初级卫生保健的总体目标协调一致，坚持社会效益第一的原则。
三、妇幼保健保偿的内容
主要包括：青春期及婚姻保健（婚前体检），孕产妇系列保健，儿童系列保健，优生系列保健和计划生育技术服务等。
各地可根据社会经济发展水平，群众承受能力和现有工作经验，因地制宜地确定妇幼保健保偿内容，集中人力、物力，解决妇女、儿童健康的主要问题，条件成熟后逐步扩大保偿范围和服务项目。
四、妇幼保健保偿金的收取与使用
1．各地按照保健保偿服务项目核定收费标准，向保健对象一次性或分阶段收取妇幼保健保偿金。
2．根据国务院国发〔1989〕10号文件批转的卫生部、财政部、人事部、国家物价局、国家税务局《关于扩大医疗卫生服务有关问题的意见》精神，妇幼保健保偿金应留给提供保健服务的单位。国家不减少对其正常的经费补助。
3．妇幼保健保偿金主要用于以下方面：
（1）按保健保偿合同规定付给投保者的赔偿费；
（2）乡、村级妇幼保健人员的劳务补贴；
（3）保健服务中必要的物质材料消耗和适当的仪器设备折旧费；
（4）对达到保健目标、提供优质保健服务的单位和个人的奖励；
（5）妇幼保健人员的技术培训；
（6）技术鉴定和有关人员的劳务费；
（7）部分提留为本单位妇幼卫生事业发展资金。
以上各部分的分配比例，由各省、市、自治区卫生行政部门自行确定。
4．妇幼保健保偿金的使用和管理，必须实行独立核算，单列单支；劳务和奖励费用应与保健目标和保健服务质量挂钩。
五、妇幼保健保偿责任制的管理
妇幼保健保偿责任制由各级妇幼保健机构负责实施。
妇幼保健单位和入保者双方在保健保偿中的责任、义务和权利，应以合同方式加以确定，经双方认可、签章后生效。
各级妇幼卫生行政部门对妇幼保健保偿责任制拥有管理、监督权。
由于推行妇幼保健保偿责任制涉及面广，政策性强，对妇幼保健人员思想素质和技术水平要求很高，希望各级人民政府对这项工作加强领导、认真协调有关部门之间的关系，积极引导、扶持在卫生改革中探索出来的这一行之有效、具有生命力的制度。
各级卫生行政部门，在推行妇幼保健保偿责任制时，应注意总结、交流和积累经验，在经过广泛宣传、群众充分理解的条件下，因地制宜地逐步推广。
各省、自治区、直辖市可根据上述意见，结合当地实际情况，组织制定妇幼保健保偿责任制具体管理、实施办法，并报卫生部妇幼卫生司务案。
1990年9月30日
PYRAMID SELLING PROHIBITION ——附加英文版
Hong Kong
PYRAMID SELLING PROHIBITION
(CHAPTER 355)
Whole document:
rohibit the promotion of pyramid selling schemes and to
provide for
ected matters.
eptember 1980.]
1. Short title.
Ordinance may be cited as the Pyramid Selling Prohibition
Ordinance.
2. Interpretation.
his Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
ds" includes all chattels personal and things in action;
mote" means establish, advertise, manage or assist in the
management
pyramid selling scheme;
amid selling scheme" means a scheme whereby--
a participant in the scheme is granted a licence or right to
introduce
her participant into the scheme who is also granted such
licence or
t and who may further extend the chain of persons who are granted
such
nce or right, notwithstanding that there may be a limitation to
the
er of participants or that there may be any further
conditions
cting eligibility for such licence or right; and
a participant receives a reward on, or at any time
after, the
oduction into the scheme by him of another participant which
reward is
d, whether wholly or in part, otherwise than on the fair market
value
oods or services actually sold by him or by or through that
other
icipant;
ard" includes, refund, commission, discount or allowance but does
not
ude payment for sales demonstration equipment and materials
supplied
ot more than their fair market value and not resold.
3. Offence of promoting a pyramid selling scheme.
person who knowingly promotes a pyramid selling scheme
commits an
nce and is liable on conviction upon indictment to a fine of $
100,000
to imprisonment for 3 years.
4. Liability of directors, partners etc.
Where an offence under this Ordinance has been committed by a
body
orate or member of a body unincorporate, any person who at the
time of
offence--
in the case of a body corporate, was a director, secretary,
principal
cer or manager of that body corporate; or
in the case of a member of a body unincorporate, was a
partner or
ce holder in or a member or manager of that body unincorporate,
ho, in either case, was acting or purporting to act in
any such
city commits a like offence.
Where any person referred to in subsection (1) is charged
with an
nce under this Ordinance it shall be a defence for him to prove
that
offence was committed without his consent or connivance and
that he
cised such diligence to prevent the commission of the offence
as he
t to have exercised having regard to the nature of his functions
and
ll other circumstances.
5. Power to award compensation.
Notwithstanding any provision in any other Ordinance, where a
person
onvicted of an offence under this Ordinance the court may, in
addition
assing such sentence as may otherwise be passed by law,
order the
on so convicted to pay to any person who has suffered financial
loss
lting from that offence, such amount as compensation as it
thinks
onable.
An amount ordered as compensation under subsection (1)
shall be
verable as a civil debt by the person in whose favour the
order is
.
6. Saving of rights and claims.
ing in this Ordinance shall prejudice the enforcement by any
person of
right or claim against any person ceasing to promote a pyramid
selling
me by reason of this Ordinance.