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外商投资建设工程设计企业管理规定(附英文)

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外商投资建设工程设计企业管理规定(附英文)

建设部 对外贸易经济合作部


中华人民共和国建设部
中华人民共和国对外贸易经济合作部


第114号


《外商投资建设工程设计企业管理规定》已经2002年9月9日建设部第63次常务会议和2002年9月17日对外贸易经济合作部第10次部长办公会议审议通过,现予发布,自2002年12月1日起施行。



建设部部长 汪光焘
对外贸易经济合作部部长 石广生
二○○二年九月二十七日



外商投资建设工程设计企业管理规定


第一条 为进一步扩大对外开放,规范对外商投资建设工程设计企业的管理,根据《中华人民共和国建筑法》、《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国外资企业法》、《建设工程质量管理条例》、《建设工程勘察设计管理条例》等法律、行政法规,制定本规定。

第二条 在中华人民共和国境内设立外商投资建设工程设计企业,申请建设工程设计企业资质,实施对外商投资建设工程设计企业监督管理,适用本规定。

本规定所称外商投资建设工程设计企业,是指根据中国法律、法规的规定,在中华人民共和国境内投资设立的外资建设工程设计企业、中外合资经营建设工程设计企业以及中外合作经营建设工程设计企业。

第三条 外国投资者在中华人民共和国境内设立外商投资建设工程设计企业,并从事建设工程设计活动,应当依法取得对外贸易经济行政主管部门颁发的外商投资企业批准证书,在国家工商行政管理总局或者其授权的地方工商行政管理局注册登记,并取得建设行政主管部门颁发的建设工程设计企业资质证书。

第四条 外商投资建设工程设计企业在中华人民共和国境内从事建设工程设计活动,应当遵守中国的法律、法规、规章。

外商投资建设工程设计企业在中华人民共和国境内的合法经营活动及合法权益受中国法律、法规、规章的保护。

第五条 国务院对外贸易经济合作行政主管部门负责外商投资建设工程设计企业设立的管理工作;国务院建设行政主管部门负责外商投资建设工程设计企业资质的管理工作。

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门在授权范围内负责外商投资建设工程设计企业设立的管理工作;省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门按照本规定负责本行政区域内的外商投资建设工程设计企业资质的管理工作。

第六条 外商投资建设工程设计企业设立与资质的申请和审批,实行分级、分类管理。

申请设立建筑工程设计甲级资质及其他建设工程设计甲、乙级资质外商投资建设工程设计企业的,其设立由国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门审批,其资质由国务院建设行政主管部门审批;申请设立建筑工程设乙级资质、其他建设工程设计丙级及以下等级资质外商投资建设工程设计企业的,其设立由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门审批,其资质由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门审批。

第七条 设立外商投资建设工程设计企业,申请建筑工程设计甲级资质及其他建设工程设计甲、乙级资质的程序:

(一)申请者向拟设立企业所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门提出设立申请。

(二)省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门在受理申请之日起30日内完成初审;初审同意后,报国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门。

(三)国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门在收到初审材料之日起10日内将申请材料送国务院建设行政主管部门征求意见。国务院建设行政主管部门在收到征求意见函之日起30日内提出意见。国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门在收到国务院建设行政主管部门书面意见之日起30日内作出批准或者不批准的书面决定。予以批准的,发给外商投资企业批准证书;不予批准的,书面说明理由。

(四)取得外商投资企业批准证书的,应当在30日内到登记主管机关办理企业登记注册。

(五)取得企业法人营业执照后,申请建设工程设计企业资质的,按照建设工程设计企业资质管理规定办理。

第八条 设立外商投资建设工程设计企业,申请建筑工程乙级资质和其他建设工程设计丙级及以下等级资质的程序,由各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门和对外贸易经济行政主管部门,结合本地区实际情况,参照本规定第七条以及建设工程设计企业资质管理规定执行。

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门审批的外商投资建设工程设计企业资质,应当在批准之日起30日内报国务院建设行政主管部门备案。

第九条 外商投资建设工程设计企业申请晋升资质等级或者申请增加其他建设工程设计企业资质,应当依照有关规定到建设行政主管部门办理相关手续。

第十条 申请设立外商投资建设工程设计企业应当向对外贸易经济行政主管部门提交下列资料:

(一)投资方法定代表人签署的外商投资建设工程设计企业设立申请书;

(二)投资方编制或者认可的可行性研究报告;

(三)投资方法定代表人签署的外商投资建设工程设计企业合同和章程(其中,设立外资建设工程设计企业只需提供章程);

(四)企业名称预先核准通知书;

(五)投资方所在国或者地区从事建设工程设计的企业注册登记证明、银行资信证明;

(六)投资方拟派出的董事长、董事会成员、经理、程技术负责人等任职文件及证明文件;

(七)经注册会计师或者会计师事务所审计的投资方最近三年的资产负债表和损益表。

第十一条 申请外商投资建设工程设计企业资质应当向建设行政主管部门提交下列资料:

(一)外商投资建设工程设计企业资质申报表;

(二)外商投资企业批准证书;

(三)企业法人营业执照;

(四)外方投资者所在国或者地区从事建设工程设计的企业注册登记证明、银行资信证明;

(五)外国服务提供者所在国或者地区的个人执业资格证明以及由所在国或者地区政府主管部门或者行业学会、协会、公证机构出具的个人、企业建设工程设计业绩、信誉证明;

(六)建设工程设计企业资质管理规定要求提供的其他资料。

第十二条 本规定中要求申请者提交的资料应当使用中文,证明文件原件是外文的,应当提供中文译本。

第十三条 外商投资建设工程设计企业的外方投资者及外国服务提供者应当是在其本国从事建设工程设计的企业或者注册建筑师、注册工程师。

第十四条 中外合资经营建设工程设计企业、中外合作经营建设工程设计企业中方合营者的出资总额不得低于注册资本的2596。

第十五条 外商投资建设工程设计企业申请建设工程设计企业资质,应当符合建设工程设计企业资质分级标准要求的条件。

外资建设工程设计企业申请建设工程设计企业资质,其取得中国注册建筑师、注册工程师资格的外国服务提供者人数应当各不少于资质分级标准规定的注册执业人员总数的1/4;具有相关专业设计经历的外国服务提供者人数应当不少于资质分级标准规定的技术骨干总人数的1/4。

中外合资经营、中外合作经营建设工程设计企业申请建设工程设计企业资质,其取得中国注册建筑师、注册工程师资格的外国服务提供者人数应当各不少于资质分级标准规定的注册执业人员总数的1/8;具有相关专业设计经历的外国服务提供者人数应当不少于资质分级标准规定的技术骨干总人数的1/8。

第十六条 外商投资建设工程设计企业中,外国服务提供者在中国注册的建筑师、工程师及技术骨干,每人每年在中华人民共和国境内累计居住时间应当不少于6个月。

第十七条 外商投资建设工程设计企业在中国境内从事建设工程设计活动,违反《中华人民共和国建筑法机《建设工程质量管理条例》、《建设工程勘察设计管理条例》、《建设工程勘察设计企业资质管理规定》等有关法律、法规、规章的,依照有关规定处罚。

第十八条 香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区的投资者在其他省、自治区、直辖市内投资设立建设工程设计企业,从事建设工程设计活动,参照本规定执行。法律、法规、国务院另有规定的除外。

第十九条 受理设立外资建设工程设计企业申请的时间由国务院建设行政主管部门和国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门决定。

第二十条 本规定由国务院建设行政主管部门和国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门按照各自职责负责解释。

第二十一条 本规定自2002年12月1日起施行,《成立中外合营工程设计机构审批管理规定》(建设〔1992〕180号)同时废止。

Regulations on Administration of Foreign-Invested Construction and Engineering Design Enterprises



The Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China
The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the People’s Republic of China


Decree No. 114


Regulations on Administration of Foreign-Invested Construction and Engineering Design Enterprises approved respectively at the 63rd Executive Meeting of the Ministry of Construction on 9 September 2002 and at the 10th Ministerial Meeting of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation on 17 September 2002 are now issued and shall come into force on 1 December 2002.




Minister of the Ministry of Construction: Wang Guangtao
Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation: Shi Guangsheng


27 September 2002


 

Regulations on Administration of Foreign-Invested Construction and Engineering Design Enterprises


Article 1 These Regulations hereof are formulated in order to further the opening up to the outside and standardise the administration of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises in accordance with such laws and regulations as the Construction Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises, the Regulations on Administration of Construction Engineering Quality and the Regulations on Administration of Reconnoitring and Designing of Construction Projects.


Article 2 These Regulations shall apply to the establishment of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises within the territory of the People’s Republic of China, the application for construction and engineering design enterprise qualifications and the administration and supervision of the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises.


The term ‘foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise’ mentioned in these Regulations refers to a wholly foreign-owned construction and engineering design enterprise, or a Sino-foreign equity construction and engineering design joint venture or a Sino-foreign cooperatively construction and engineering design enterprise established within the territory of the People’s Republic of China in accordance with Chinese laws and regulations.


Article 3 A foreign investor, which intends to establish a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise within the territory of the People’s Republic of China and carry out construction and engineering design business shall, in accordance with laws, obtain the foreign-invested enterprise approval certificate from the relevant foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department and register with the State Administration of Industry and Commerce or its authorised administration of industry and commerce at local levels, and also obtain the qualification certificate of construction and engineering design enterprise from the relevant construction administration department.


Article 4 Foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises shall abide by the laws, regulations and rules of the People’s Republic of China when carrying out construction and engineering design activities within the territory of the People’s Republic of China.


The lawful operation of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises and their legal rights and interests within the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall be protected by Chinese laws, regulations and rules.


Article 5 The foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council shall be responsible for the administration of establishing foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises. The construction administration department of the State Council shall be responsible for the administration of the qualifications of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises.


The foreign trade and economic cooperation administration departments of the people’s government of provinces, autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities shall be responsible for the administration of establishment of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises within their authorized jurisdiction ; the construction administration departments of the people’s government of provinces, autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities shall, in accordance with these regulations, be responsible for the administration of the qualifications of the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises within their administrative region.


Article 6 The application for and the examination and approval of the establishment of a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise and the qualifications shall be managed by a grading and categorization system.


Where an applicant is to apply for Grade A qualifications for construction and engineering design or other Grade A or Grade B qualifications for construction and engineering design, the establishment of the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise shall be examined and approved by the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council and its qualifications shall be examined and approved by the construction administration department of the State Council. Where an applicant is to apply for Grade B qualifications for construction and engineering design or other Grade C or lower qualifications for construction and engineering design, the establishment of the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise shall be examined and approved by the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality and its qualifications shall be examined and approved by the construction administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality.


Article 7 The procedures for the establishment of a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise and the application for construction and engineering design qualifications or other Grade A or B engineering design qualifications shall be:


(1) The applicant shall submit an application to the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality where the proposed foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise is to be established.


(2) The foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, or the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality shall complete the preliminary examination within 30 days of receiving the application, and shall, if it grants the preliminary approval, submit the application to the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council for further approval.


(3) Within 10 days of receiving the application for further approval, the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council shall forward the application to the construction administrative department of the State Council for review and comments. The construction administration department of the State Council shall provide its opinion in writing within 30 days of receiving the request. Within 30 days of receiving the response, the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council shall decide whether or not to approve the application and express such a decision in written form. If the application is approved, a foreign-invested enterprise certificate shall be granted; if the application is not approved, reasons for the disapproval shall be given in written form.


(4) Within 30 days of receiving the approval certificate, the applicant shall carry out enterprise registration with the relevant registration department.


(5) After obtaining business license for the legal entity, if the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise is to apply for the construction and engineering design enterprise qualifications, the application shall be carried out in accordance with the Regulations on Administration of Construction and Engineering Design Enterprise Qualifications.


Article 8 The procedures for the establishment of a construction and engineering design enterprise and the application for Grade B qualifications and Grade C or lower qualifications for engineering design shall be administered by the construction administration department and the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, or the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality based on local conditions with reference to Article 7 of these Regulations and Regulations on Administration of Construction and Engineering Design Enterprise Qualifications.


Examination and approval of the qualifications of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises by the construction administration departments of the People’s government of provinces, autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities shall be put on file with the construction administration department of the State Council within 30 days after the approval is given.


Article 9 The application by a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise to upgrade its qualifications or to add additional engineering qualifications shall be made to the relevant construction administration department in accordance with relevant regulations.


Article 10 An applicant which intends to establish a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise shall submit the following documents to the relevant foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department:


(1) Application forms to establish a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise signed by the investor’s legal representative;


(2) The feasibility study report prepared or accepted by the investor;


(3) The contract for establishment of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise and the articles of association signed by the investor’s legal representative (only the the articles of association are required for the establishment of a wholly foreign-owned construction and engineering design enterprise);


(4) The notification of pre-verification of the name of the enterprise;


(5) Documentary evidence of legal entity registration of the investor to carry out construction and engineering design in its home country or region and its bank credential letter;


(6) Appointment letters and documentary evidence of the investor’s designated chairman and members of the board of directors, managers and technical managers etc.; and


(7) Balance sheets and profit and loss accounts of the investor over the past three years audited by a certified accountant or an accounting firm.


Article 11 The applicant applying for foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise qualifications shall submit the following documents to the relevant construction administration department:


(1) Application forms for the qualifications for a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise;


(2) The approval certificate for the establishment of the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise;


(3) The business license for the legal entity;


(4) Documentary evidence of legal entity registration of the investor to carry out construction and engineering design in its home country or region and its bank credential letter;


(5) Professional qualification certificate issued by his home country or region and the individual or enterprise construction and engineering design track record and documentary evidence of its reputation issued by the relevant governmental department or professional institution, association or notary public; and


(6) Other documents as required by Regulations on Administration of Construction and Engineering Design Enterprise Qualifications.


Article 12 All materials required to be submitted by an applicant under these Regulations shall be in Chinese. If the original documentary evidence is in a foreign language, a Chinese translation shall be provided.


Article 13 The foreign investor or the foreign service provider of a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise shall be an enterprise engaged in construction and engineering design or a certified architect or a certified engineer in his or her home country.


Article 14 The total capital contribution of the Chinese party to a Sin-foreign equity construction and engineering design joint venture or a Sino-foreign cooperatively construction and engineering design joint venture shall not be less than 25% of the registered capital.


Article 15 The criteria of grading of qualifications of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises shall be in accordance with the requirements of grading of qualifications of construction and engineering design enterprise issued by the construction administration department of the State Council.


Where a wholly foreign-owned construction and engineering design enterprise applies for the construction and engineering design enterprise qualifications, its foreign service providers who have been qualified as certified architects or certified engineers in China shall not be less than 1/4 of the total certified professionals required under the qualification grading criteria, and the foreign service providers who have the relevant design experience shall not be less than 1/4 of the total key technical personnel required under the qualification grading criteria.


Where a Sin-foreign equity construction and engineering design joint venture or a Sino-foreign cooperatively managed construction and engineering design enterprise applies for the construction and engineering design enterprise qualifications, its foreign service providers who have been qualified as certified architects or certified engineers in China shall not be less than 1/8 of the total registered professionals required under the qualification grading criteria, and its foreign service providers who have the relevant design experience shall not be less than 1/8 of the total key technical staff required under the qualification grading criteria.


Article 16 Each of the architects and engineers certified in China and the key technical personnel of the foreign service provider in a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise shall reside within the territory of the People’s Republic of China for no less than a cumulative period of 6 months each year.


Article 17 Where a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise carrying out construction and engineering design activities within the territory of the People’s Republic of China violates the Construction Law of the People’s Republic of China, Regulations on Administration of Construction Engineering Quality, Regulations on Administration of Prospecting and Designing of Construction Projects and Regulations on Administration of Construction Engineering Prospecting Design Enterprise Qualifications and other relevant laws, regulations and rules, it shall be penalized in accordance with relevant provisions.


Article 18 Investors from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region or Taiwan shall establish construction and engineering design enterprises and carry out businesses in other provinces, autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities in accordance with these Regulations, unless it is otherwise provided by laws, regulations and the State Council.


Article 19 The timing for accepting and processing the application for establishment of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises shall be determined by the construction administration department of the State Council and the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council.


Article 20 The construction administration department of the State Council and the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council shall be responsible for interpreting these Regulations in accordance with their functions.


Article 21 These Regulations shall go into force on 1 December 2002. Regulations on Administration of Establishment of Sino-Foreign Project Design Joint Venture (File No. 180, 1992) shall be repealed at the same time.




青岛市人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《青岛市实施<中华人民共和国水法> 若干规定》的决定

山东省青岛市人大常委会


青岛市人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《青岛市实施<中华人民共和国水法> 若干规定》的决定

2011年11月15日青岛市第十四届人民代表大会常务委员会第三十三次会议通过



  青岛市第十四届人民代表大会常务委员会第三十三次会议决定对《青岛市实施<中华人民共和国水法>若干规定》作如下修改:

  删除第三十五条第三款。

  本决定自公布之日起施行。《青岛市实施<中华人民共和国水法>若干规定》根据本决定作相应的修改,重新公布。








实现监狱法制化的途径与模式


江苏省司法警官学校 胡配军

在人类行刑日益走向文明进步的今天,以法制规范国家的行刑活动,实现刑罚与改造活动的法制化,不仅是现代法制社会的应然要求,也是现代监狱履行监狱职能不可或缺的。监狱工作法制化,就是把监狱的全部工作纳入法制化轨道,切实做到依法行刑,依法治监。监狱是刑罚执行和改造罪犯的场所,一切活动应当有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究。监狱法制化的目的就在于促进监狱用法律去惩罚与改造罪犯,用法律去统治和管理监狱,促进监狱的工作制度化、规范化、程序化、同质化。
监狱工作法制化是依法治监的必然要求,是实现监狱工作目标、造就守法公民的基本保障,从当前监狱工作的现状出发,运作法制化,其途径与模式是:


1、加强监狱法律建设。监狱法律建设,首先应当从立法起步。经过几十年的建设实践,我国监狱立法从无到有,1994年《监狱法》出台,在监狱法制史上有着里程碑式的意义。但监狱立法不能指望一次立法、一部法律一劳永逸,应当说,实践中,监狱法制与现实的需要远未适应,在监狱工作的一些方面,立法的不足还非常明显,监狱工作期望已久的《监狱法实施细则》至今仍未能问世,过于概括抽象的《监狱法》条文,在实践运用中,有时难以适从。由于缺乏对监狱立法理论的深入研究,《监狱法》完善程度不高,存在着一些明显不足,表现在调整监狱法律关系的规范不够齐全,在罪犯的教育改造、监管安全、社区矫正等方面,至今还没有专门立法;监狱是司法行政机关,又不是一般的行政机关,其司法职能的特殊性,决定了它与一般行政部门存在的区别,应当有专门的司法行政法律规范予以调整。应当采取措施,第一,提高立法规格,避免由于《监狱法》立法规格不高而导致的遵守不力;第二,尽快出台《监狱法实施细则》,使监狱民警能够真正理解《监狱法》条文的内涵与要义;第三,《监狱法》从颁布到现在将近十年,其中不少内容是基于上个世纪90年代以前的情况而作的规定,这些情况现在已经有了很大的变化,相应地,对这些条文应当及时予以修改完善,做到已经制定的法律获得普遍的服从,而所服从的法律本身是制定良好的法律。
2、强化监狱制度建设。监狱工作的法制化,不仅要靠法律,也要靠制度。监狱工作的制度建设,根据制度所处的监狱工作领域,可以进行若干层面的划分。
一是监管安全工作制度。在监狱工作中,监管安全居于重中之重,是监狱工作的首位意识,无论中外,任何一所监狱都首先是在保证监管安全的前提下,实施罪犯的教育、劳动与改造。但到目前为止,在监狱安全的问题上,我们的监狱安全制度建设还不完善,监狱安全往往局限于几个指标的实现,安全的防范,运动式运作的情形较多。监狱安全缺乏制度规范的保障,形不成长效机制。要根据监管安全的迫切需要,从制度着手,建立一整套监管安全工作规章制度,形成具有统一标准、统一要求、统一内容、统一考核的监管安全工作规范,使监管安全工作长期化、正常化,规范化。
二是加强教育改造制度建设。对于教育改造的规范问题,不少理论研究者已经从《监狱法》立法欠缺方面进行了指正,在制度建设方面,仍有许多需要强化的地方。要针对教育改造说起来重要、做起来次要、忙起来不要的状况,强化制度管理,用制度规定教育改造必须达到定量的标准,用制度引导教育改造工作,用制度组织实施教育改造工作。
三是加强罪犯分类制度建设。罪犯分类是改造罪犯的基本环节,科学地改造罪犯,必须对罪犯实施科学地分类。在罪犯分类实践上,我国起步较晚,现行的分类办法是“三分工作”,这一分类过于粗略,不能真正达到分类改造的目标要求,要以罪犯分流中心建设为契机,订立罪犯收容分类和改造分类制度,使每一个罪犯先分类后改造。
四是加强罪犯处遇制度建设。随着刑罚文明的进步,罪犯处遇最初出现在英美等西方资本主义国家的监狱,而后广泛流传向世界各国,被当今世界的许多国家的监狱所应用。我国虽然也实施罪犯处遇,但处遇的水平不高,处遇的效果不能令人满意。一个重要的原因就是我国关于罪犯处遇的制度建设严重滞后。应当针对罪犯处遇工作的实践不足,组织调研制定罪犯处遇制度,形成罪犯处遇的层次化、阶梯化、程式化、规范化。
五是加强民警队伍管理的制度建设。民警队伍是监狱工作的执行者,是惩罚与改造罪犯的职业性主体。加强民警队伍管理,一直是监狱工作的一项重要内容。但是,时至今日,对于监狱民警的管理,我们只能一般适用〈〈警察法〉〉的规定,而无专门的关于监狱民警管理的专门内容。要就监狱民警工作的特点、内容、性质、要求,制定专门的监狱民警队伍的管理规定。这里还需要强调的是,由于监狱工作种类的不同,监狱民警的职业内容、职业要求还存在着很大区别。要针对监狱民警的岗位差别,强化监狱民警的执业制度、职业规范建设,促进广大监狱 民警尽职尽责。
3、理顺监狱法律运作体制。法制化,是依法治监的实践形态,其运行不仅要有完备的法律制度,还需要科学合理的监狱法律运作体制。监狱工作的特殊性、监狱法律的系统性表明,监狱工作应当有相对独立的法律运行体制。要从监狱工作法制化的目标要求出发,理顺监狱工作体制。
一是从中央到地方,实现垂直领导,人事权、财政权、由司法部统一行使。
二是结束刑罚执行的分散现状,实行刑事执行一体化,扩大部监狱管理局的职能,变成刑事执行局,把包括管制、拘役、社区矫正、安置帮教在内的所有刑罚执行活动,纳入其管理范围。
三是改革人才使用管理体制。监狱工作是专业性要求非常高的活动,必须有足量的人才作为基础与保障。目前的人才使用管理体制,存在的问题是人才使用的专业化程度不高,社会上许多高素质人才,是监狱所急需却又不能为监狱所用。要根据专业化的要求,对民警的工作及其今后的发展目标进行专业定向规划,避免民警成为“万金油”,却缺少少技术特长。在人才使用方面,应当拓宽视野、朝向社会的广阔领域,建立社会人才专家库,为监狱做好各项工作进行人才储备。其实人才的使用与管理并非都需要纳入编制,也不是监狱的所有工作非得有特定的身份才能参与,如教育改造、心理矫治等监狱事务,可以部分交由社会人才兼职完成。
4、严肃行政执法行为
行政执法是监狱权力链条中最为特别的一环。监狱作为执法主体,其执行权是主动性权力,是一种比较活跃的权力,是一种自由裁量权力。复杂的监狱事务为监狱的行政执法提供了广阔的自由裁处领域和空间,这种自由又容易导致监狱行政执法的自由无度。监狱的行政执法权力既要有自由又要有控制。《监狱法》第五条规定:“监狱的人民警察依法管理监狱、执行刑罚、对罪犯进行教育改造等活动,受法律保护。”第十三条规定:“监狱的人民警察应当严格遵守宪法和法律,忠于职守,秉公执法,严守纪律,清正廉洁。”这些规定,一方面,确认了监狱行政执法权力,赋予监狱执行权的自由,另一方面,又明确约束了监狱行政执法的自由度——不得超越法律、不能违背公正。当然监狱的行政执法仅有这么两条要求是远远不够的,监狱行政执法优益权的客观存在,要求我们必须从程序上严格规范行政执法,通过制定完善的监狱行政程序规范,确保执法的程序公正、内容公正、结果公正。当务之急是尽快制定刑事程序法,对监狱惩罚改造罪犯的过程,从环节、阶段、步骤、方式、要求、内容、原则、指导思想等方面着手,尤其是要针对目前监狱工作中,减刑、假释、保外就医、监外执行、离监探亲的规定过于粗略,严管的法律虚无,进行立法明细与确证。
5、建构监狱法律监督体系
违法必究是法治的应有之义,是依法治监的重要防线,要守住这道防线,就要有一套健全、有效的法律监督制度,这也是目前监狱工作法制化建设活动中最薄弱的环节。权力运行的历史表明,没有监督的权力必然走向腐败,这是由人性弱点所决定的。我们固然要求监狱人民警察提高自身素质,加强履职守法的自觉性,但我们不能监狱严肃的执法活动只是建立在对个人对法的自觉性上。应当从强化监狱人民警察权力监督出发,着力于监督体系的完善。监狱工作法制化所需要的监督体系包括内外两种监督网络:一是在监狱内部,由监狱纪检部门、监察部门、审计部门、狱内押犯进行内部制约与监督,并建立自上而下和自下而上的双向监督权制,特别是强化自下而上的监督;在监狱外部,由社会监督主体包括立法机关、行政机关、检察机关、各级党组织、新闻媒体、罪犯家属及其他人民群众的执法活动进行全方位、多层次、多形式的监督。
6、打造高素质的监狱执法队伍
监狱法治强调“法律至上”,法律应当具有比领导者更大的权威,但这并不是说可以忽视人在监狱中的作用。恰好相反,实现监狱工作法制化的一个必不可少的重要条件,就是必须有一支数量足、质量高的监狱执法队伍,否则,所谓法制化,只能是空中楼阁。监狱执法队伍的高素质,包括三层含义:一是监狱人民警察要有较高的政治品格和道德素养。监狱人民警察要热爱祖国、热爱人民、忠于法律、忠于事实、大公无私、廉洁自律。二是监狱人民警察要有较高的业务素质和业务能力。监狱人民警察必须掌握与监狱工作业务相关的法律知识,并能自如地正确应用法律解决惩罚与改造罪犯过程中碰到的问题。三是要有崇高的职业道德和敬业精神。为了打造一支与法制化要求相适应的高素质的监狱执法队伍,我们必须: 第一,加强法制意识教育。法制意识是法制建设中的软件,在监狱法制硬件不足的情况下,我们对法制软件的建设更是缺乏应有的认识,其实,法制精神、情感等软件,也是法制建设的重要方面,它与法律制度构成了法制内在统一的两个方面。监狱人民警察是执法者,其执法的规范性、公正、文明、科学程度离不开法制软件的制约与影响,要通过集中法制宣传教育、外出进修法律业务、个人业余自学法律知识等途径,引导监狱人民警察学习领会现代法律理念,自觉认同并坚决遵从法律至上、权力服从法律、保护正当权益、坚持程序公正等法律思想。第二,加强业务训练,提高执法水平。监狱人民警察的执法能力,取决于他们的业务素质,要在狱政管理、教育改造、劳动改造活动中,进行形式多种多样、内容丰富多彩的执法执纪业务训练活动,保证每一个监狱人民警察,做到熟悉基本法律,自觉遵守程序,严格依法办事,保证公正文明。第三,加强勤政廉政教育。勤政廉政是监狱人民警察必须做到的职业要求,也是监狱人民警察应当遵守的执法规范。在价值观念日新月异的今天,监狱人民警察只有始终保持勤政廉政的本色,才能防腐拒蚀,抵制住各种诱惑,因此,我们要大力加强监狱人民警察的思想建设,从世界观、人生观、价值观、权力观、利益观、法制观、道德观方面,进行思想政治教育,倡导广大监狱人民警察树立正确的理想信念,坚决抵制拜金主义、享乐主义、权力至上思想的侵蚀,在内强素质的同时。外朔监狱人
胡配军:江苏省司法警官高等职业学校0511-4405368
0511-2905035